ncertnotes

 COLD WAR WORLD                            |             -----------------------------------             |                                 |            USSR                              USA      (Socialist Bloc)                 (Capitalist Bloc)             |                                 |      Ideology: Socialism              Ideology: Capitalism      Equality, welfare                Free ...

  What was the Soviet System? The Soviet System was the political and economic system followed in the Soviet Union (USSR) after the 1917 Russian Revolution . It was based on the principles of socialism , where the state played a central role in controlling politics, economy, and society. Main Features of the Soviet System One-Party Political System Only the Communist Party was allowed to rule. No opposition parties or free elections existed. Centralised Planning The economy was controlled by the state through central planning . Production, prices, and distribution were decided by the government. State Ownership of Resources Land, industries, and major means of production were owned by the state . Private property was very limited. Socialist Economy The system aimed at economic equality and removal of exploitation. Basic needs like education, health, and employment were provided by the state. Strong State Control The governme...

  THE END OF BIPOLARITY – INTRODUCTION  Bipolarity refers to a system of international relations in which two superpowers dominate world politics . After the Second World War, the world was divided into two opposing power blocs led by the United States (USA) and the Soviet Union (USSR) . This period, known as the Cold War , was marked by ideological rivalry, military alliances, and global power competition. The disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 brought this rivalry to an end and marked the end of bipolarity , leading to a major transformation in the global political order. Collapse of the Soviet Union  The collapse of the Soviet Union refers to the disintegration of the USSR in 1991 , when it broke into 15 independent republics . This event ended the Cold War , brought about the end of bipolarity , and led to major changes in world politics. Political Causes The Soviet political system was highly centralised , giving little power to the people. Lack of d...